Introduction

June 10, 2026, marks a pivotal moment in the history of autonomous driving. On this single day, three separate but deeply interconnected developments converged to reshape the global landscape of Tesla’s Full Self‑Driving (FSD) system.

First, Denmark became the fourth European Union member state to grant regulatory approval for FSD (Supervised). Following the Netherlands, Lithuania, and Estonia, Denmark’s decision signals that the European regulatory logjam is finally breaking—and doing so faster than almost any industry analyst predicted just months ago. Second, an independent Tesla owner completed the world’s first coast‑to‑coast zero‑intervention autonomous drive across Canada: 6,051 kilometers, seven provinces, four days and 21 hours, with no human hand on the wheel or foot on the pedal. Third, at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2026 conference in Denver, Tesla’s VP of AI Software, Ashok Elluswamy, unveiled the technical architecture that made both the European approvals and the Canadian drive possible: a 36 Hz end‑to‑end neural model, a new “psychological scoring” framework, a world‑model training system that generates unlimited realistic edge cases, and a long‑term vision to unify FSD with the Optimus humanoid robot under a single foundational model.

Chapter 1: Denmark Opens the Door — Europe’s Fourth FSD Approval, and What It Means

1.1 A Quiet but Monumental Announcement

On June 10, 2026, Tesla Europe announced that FSD (Supervised) had received official approval from the Danish Road Directorate (Færdselsstyrelsen). Denmark thus became the fourth EU member state to authorize the system, following the Netherlands (April 2026), Lithuania, and Estonia. The approval was not accompanied by a flashy launch event or a Musk tweet—it was delivered as a routine software update notification to Danish HW4 owners. Yet its implications are anything but routine.

For European Tesla owners who have watched North America enjoy FSD for years, Denmark’s approval is the clearest signal yet that the regulatory tide is turning. The Dutch RDW issued the original temporary type approval in April; within six weeks, three additional countries have accepted it. More are expected to follow in rapid succession.

1.2 How Denmark Approved FSD: The Dutch RDW Template

Denmark did not conduct an entirely new, independent certification of FSD. Instead, Danish authorities reviewed the technical documentation from the Dutch RDW—Europe’s most respected automotive regulator—and formally recognized its validity. Under EU law, any member state may accept a type approval issued by another member state. In practice, however, this mechanism had rarely been used for autonomous driving software before April 2026. Denmark’s decision demonstrates that the Dutch approval has become a de facto European standard.

The approval applies exclusively to vehicles equipped with Tesla’s fourth‑generation Autopilot hardware (HW4), running the European‑tailored version of FSD V14. Tesla has adjusted the system’s behavior to comply with local traffic regulations in each market, including speed limit recognition, roundabout handling, and pedestrian priority rules. For Danish HW4 owners with an active FSD subscription, the system is now authorized for supervised use on public roads.

1.3 The Six‑Month Sword of Damocles: EU Commission’s Veto Power

It is essential to understand that Denmark’s approval—like the Dutch, Lithuanian, and Estonian approvals before it—is provisional. The Dutch temporary type approval contains a six‑month expiration clause: if the European Commission decides to reject the software at the EU level, the Dutch certification expires, and all national approvals based on it automatically lapse. In effect, the Commission holds a veto that could wipe out FSD’s entire European presence with a single administrative decision.

This provisional structure reflects the EU’s current regulatory limbo. No unified framework for certifying autonomous driving software yet exists, so member states are improvising. The Commission has the authority to harmonize or override national approvals, but it has not yet exercised that power. For Tesla, this creates a high‑stakes race: the company must demonstrate FSD’s safety and regulatory compliance convincingly enough to forestall a Commission veto. For European owners, it means that while FSD is available today in four countries, its long‑term presence is not guaranteed.

1.4 Which European Countries Are Next?

During his CVPR 2026 presentation, Ashok Elluswamy displayed a detailed global approval map. For Europe, the map listed 21 EU member states and 15 non‑EU European countries as “pending approval.” Among the EU states, Belgium is moving to fast‑track its local process; Sweden has authorized expanded public road testing; Latvia is nearing final sign‑off; and Ireland is in active discussions with Tesla. Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom are also on the pending list, though their processes are expected to take longer due to more extensive domestic review requirements.

For owners in these countries, the pattern is now clear: FSD will not arrive via a single EU‑wide approval. Instead, approvals will come country by country, each building on the Dutch foundation. The practical implication is to watch Tesla’s software update notifications and your national regulator’s announcements—when approval comes, it will likely be announced with little advance warning.

1.5 Why This Matters for European Tesla Owners Today

The Danish approval matters far beyond Denmark’s borders. First, it demonstrates that European regulators, despite their famously cautious approach, are willing to accept evidence of FSD’s safety. Second, it provides a template for other countries: review the Dutch documentation, accept it, and grant approval. Third, it increases pressure on the European Commission to either establish a unified framework or accept a growing patchwork of national approvals.

For an owner in France, Germany, or Italy, the takeaway is straightforward. Your country’s regulatory process is actively underway. Approval requires two conditions: your national regulator’s acceptance of the Dutch certification, and the EU Commission’s forbearance. The odds of both being met rise with every new country that approves FSD. When approval does come, it will apply to HW4 vehicles running the European V14 version, with a subscription model (Tesla discontinued outright FSD purchases in Europe). Check your hardware version and ensure your subscription is active. The wait may be shorter than you think.

Chapter 2: CVPR 2026 — The Technical Underpinnings of FSD V14

2.1 Ashok Elluswamy’s One‑Sentence Mission

On June 4, 2026, Ashok Elluswamy took the stage at CVPR 2026 in Denver. His presentation was titled “Building Foundational Models for Robotics at Tesla.” The title was modest; the content was not. Elluswamy opened with a single slide showing three product lines—Self‑Driving, Optimus (humanoid robot), and Digital Optimus (an end‑to‑end computer‑operating agent)—all running on the same foundational kernel. “These three things look like three products,” he said, “but they are essentially the same foundational model projected onto different embodiments.”

For the audience of computer vision researchers, this was not a product roadmap. It was a statement of technical ambition that few other organizations in the world can credibly make. Tesla is not building three separate AI systems. It is building one system and adapting it to different physical forms.

2.2 The 36 Hz End‑to‑End Model: Why Refresh Rate Matters

The centerpiece of Elluswamy’s technical disclosure was the current architecture of the FSD neural network. Tesla, he confirmed, runs a single end‑to‑end large model at 36 Hz—meaning the model generates 36 motion outputs per second, or one output approximately every 27.8 milliseconds. For context, the industry standard for end‑to‑end autonomous driving models is roughly 10 Hz. Tesla’s 36 Hz represents a 3.6× increase in temporal resolution.

Why does refresh rate matter? At highway speed (about 30 meters per second), a 10 Hz model moves roughly 3 meters between outputs. At 36 Hz, that distance shrinks to less than 0.85 meters. The difference translates directly into smoother lane keeping, more precise obstacle avoidance, and—crucially—better handling of edge cases where fractions of a second determine the outcome. Elluswamy emphasized that the model takes in heterogeneous inputs: multiple camera streams, navigation data, vehicle motion states, and even audio signals for emergency vehicle detection. The output is direct vehicle control—steering, acceleration, braking. No hand‑written rules, no modular decomposition. Photon in, control out.

2.3 Psychological Scoring: Making AI Drive Like a Human

One of the most novel concepts Elluswamy introduced was “Psychological Scoring” for autonomous driving. Derived from a 2026 Tesla patent titled “AI Modeling for Joint Behavior Planning and Prediction,” the framework adds three scoring dimensions that the FSD model uses to self‑evaluate.

• Comfort Score – Predicts how comfortable a human passenger would feel with a given maneuver. The model does not merely optimize for safety or efficiency; it explicitly optimizes for perceived smoothness.

• Intervention Likelihood Score – The model’s own estimate of how likely a human supervisor would be to intervene if the current behavior continued.

• Human Imitation Discriminator Score – A discriminator network trained to distinguish human‑driven trajectories from model‑generated trajectories. The model uses this discriminator’s output as a training signal, effectively learning to drive more like an experienced human.

For years, a persistent critique of autonomous vehicles has been that even when they are technically safe, they feel unnatural—too abrupt, too conservative, too robotic. Psychological scoring is Tesla’s explicit attempt to solve that problem. By training the model not just to achieve safe outcomes but to produce trajectories indistinguishable from a skilled human driver, Tesla is engineering for passenger acceptance as much as collision avoidance.

2.4 What’s New in V14.3.3: From Faster Responses to Smarter Summon

Elluswamy cataloged a series of concrete improvements that landed in FSD V14.3.3, which began rolling out via software update 2026.14.6.6 in early June 2026. The list includes:

• Reinforcement learning training upgrades – Improved performance across a wide variety of driving scenarios, including better handling of temporary system degradations without unnecessary disengagements.

• Visual encoder improvements – More accurate perception of distant objects and low‑contrast scenes.

• MLIR compiler rewrite – Tesla rewrote its AI compiler using MLIR (Multi‑Level Intermediate Representation), delivering a 20% faster system response time and enabling faster model iteration.

• Actually Smart Summon speed increase – ASS now operates at up to 8 mph (13 km/h), a 33% increase from the previous 6 mph cap. This speed increase is available only on HW4/AI4 vehicles.

• Reduced unnecessary lane biasing and tailgating – The vehicle no longer drifts away from adjacent lanes without reason and follows at more appropriate distances.

• Improved parking spot selection – The system’s choice of parking spaces in crowded lots has been refined, with an updated “P” icon marking the predicted parking location.

• Better emergency vehicle and school bus response – The model has been specifically trained on more examples of emergency vehicles and school buses.

• End‑to‑end extension to Smart Summon and Robotaxi – The same end‑to‑end inference that drives on‑road behavior now also powers ASS and multi‑task Robotaxi scenarios.

One highly visible addition in 2026.14.6.6 is the FSD intervention‑free live streak counter, which tracks how many miles the vehicle has traveled in a single continuous FSD session without intervention. For enthusiasts who have been tracking their own zero‑intervention runs manually, this is a welcome gamification of FSD usage.

2.5 The World Model: Generating Unlimited Training Scenarios

Beyond the immediate features of V14.3.3, Elluswamy devoted considerable time to Tesla’s work on world models—neural networks that learn to simulate the physical environment and predict future states. This research has culminated in a Tesla patent called “Ground Truth Heuristic Engine,” which reconstructs real vehicle camera footage into 3D “skeleton” models. These skeletons can be manipulated and re‑rendered to generate nearly unlimited training scenarios that maintain physical plausibility while varying the details.

The world model addresses the long‑tail problem: rare but critical edge cases (a child chasing a ball into the street, a piece of debris falling off a truck) occur too infrequently in real‑world driving to provide sufficient training data. World models allow Tesla to synthetically generate thousands of variations of each rare scenario—changing trajectories, lighting, weather, and object appearances—and train the neural network on the full distribution.

Elluswamy emphasized that this world model research is not isolated to FSD. It is the same technology that will enable the Optimus robot to understand and navigate unfamiliar physical environments. The unification of FSD and Optimus under a single foundational model is arguably Tesla’s most ambitious technical claim.

2.6 Safety Data: FSD vs. the Average Human Driver

Elluswamy presented updated safety statistics. According to Tesla’s data, FSD (Supervised) now has a major collision rate of approximately 0.3 disengagements per 1,000 miles in complex urban conditions, which Tesla claims is roughly eight times safer than the average U.S. human driver. The company’s comparison shows:

• U.S. highways: 8.9 million miles per major collision for FSD vs. 1.5 million miles for human drivers.

• Non‑highway roads: 2.9 million miles per major collision for FSD vs. 505,000 miles for humans.

• All road types combined: 5.1 million miles per major collision for FSD vs. 699,000 miles for the national average.

These numbers should be interpreted with caution. They compare FSD‑engaged driving—which occurs primarily on roads and in conditions where FSD performs well—to all human driving, including in conditions where FSD is not even permitted. Moreover, the definition of “major collision” is self‑reported. Nevertheless, the direction of the evidence is unambiguous: FSD, in its supervised form, is demonstrably safer than the average human driver across the conditions where it is permitted to operate.

2.7 The Road to Unsupervised FSD

A central theme of Elluswamy’s presentation was the path from supervised (SAE Level 2) to unsupervised (Level 3/4) autonomy. Tesla has not announced a specific date for unsupervised FSD outside of Texas, but the technical trajectory is clear. The 36 Hz end‑to‑end model, the world model training infrastructure, the dual‑computer fail‑safe redundancy of AI4—all are components of a system designed for unattended operation.

Elluswamy also confirmed that HW3 vehicles will not receive the full V14 model. The memory bandwidth of HW3 is approximately one‑eighth that of HW4, and Elon Musk has acknowledged that this limitation makes unsupervised FSD impossible on HW3. Tesla is developing a streamlined “FSD V14 Lite” for HW3 vehicles, which retains core functionalities while adapting algorithms to older hardware. V14 Lite is planned to begin rolling out in June 2026. HW3 owners should expect a subset of V14’s capabilities—they will get improvements, but not parity with HW4.

Chapter 3: 6,051 Kilometers, Zero Interventions — The Canadian Coast‑to‑Coast Validation

3.1 The World’s First Cross‑Canada Zero‑Intervention Drive

On May 29, 2026, a dark blue 2025 Tesla Model 3 with AI4 hardware and FSD V14.3.3 departed from Horseshoe Bay in Vancouver, British Columbia. Four days and 21 hours later, it arrived at a Tesla showroom in Halifax, Nova Scotia, having traveled 6,051 kilometers (3,760 miles) through seven Canadian provinces. The driver, longtime Tesla enthusiast David Moss, reported zero system disengagements and zero human interventions for the entire journey.

The achievement was independently verified by third‑party tracking services, including FSD Database, which confirmed no manual driving segments during the trip. Moss documented the journey in near‑real time on social media, with in‑car video and telemetry.

3.2 Road Conditions That Test Every Edge Case

The route was deliberately chosen to stress the FSD system across the full spectrum of North American driving conditions:

• Urban complexity – Vancouver’s downtown grid, with pedestrians, cyclists, streetcars, and dense intersections.

• Mountain highways – The Rocky Mountain passes of British Columbia and Alberta, with steep grades, sharp curves, and reduced visibility.

• Wildlife zones – Long stretches through Banff and Jasper national parks, where elk, deer, and bears can appear on the roadway.

• Prairie highways – Straight, monotonous roads across Saskatchewan and Manitoba, where lane keeping must be precise but human fatigue is high.

• Construction zones – Numerous active construction zones with temporary lane markings, narrowed lanes, and workers.

• Rural gravel roads – A section near the eastern end where the vehicle left paved roads for gravel with no lane markings.

• Supercharger parking lots – Every charging stop required navigating a parking lot, selecting an open stall, and backing in autonomously.

Moss reported that the FSD system handled every scenario without intervention. It recognized construction zone signage autonomously, adjusted speed appropriately, navigated around worksite obstacles, merged in heavy traffic around Toronto, and completed every Supercharger parking maneuver without human input.

3.3 The Weather Factor: Rain, Sun, and Everything Between

Canada in late May is not a controlled test environment. The vehicle encountered heavy rain in British Columbia, bright sunshine and heat across the prairies, fog in the Great Lakes region, and cold temperatures in northern Ontario. FSD’s vision‑only system—eight cameras, no radar, no LiDAR—performed reliably across all conditions. In the heaviest downpours, the system reduced speed appropriately, a human‑like adaptation to degraded visibility.

3.4 “No More LiDAR for Me” — A Line That Resonated

When Moss posted his completion announcement, he added a tagline that quickly went viral: “No more LiDAR for me.” It was a deliberate provocation aimed at the long‑standing debate between pure‑vision autonomy (Tesla’s approach) and multi‑sensor fusion with LiDAR (Waymo, Cruise, Huawei, XPeng). Tesla AI chief Ashok Elluswamy responded publicly, congratulating Moss and thanking him for “pushing the boundaries of what’s possible with pure vision.”

The Canadian crossing does not settle the sensor debate—one vehicle, one route, one driver—but it provides powerful empirical evidence that pure‑vision end‑to‑end systems can handle continent‑spanning real‑world driving.

3.5 FSD Database Tracking and Independent Verification

The independence of the verification matters. Tesla did not organize or fund the drive. No support vehicles pre‑mapped the route. The drive was an enthusiast‑led experiment that produced spectacular results. Third‑party services confirmed the zero‑intervention claim, addressing the criticism that earlier FSD demonstrations were essentially Tesla‑controlled marketing stunts.

Chapter 4: The Global Approval Landscape — Where FSD Is Today

4.1 1.3 Million Vehicles and Counting

According to Elluswamy’s CVPR presentation, FSD is now active on 1.3 million Tesla vehicles globally. This includes North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico), Asia‑Pacific (China, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand), and Europe (Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, Denmark). The majority are on a subscription model rather than outright purchase, particularly in Europe where outright purchase has been discontinued.

4.2 The Americas: Mature and Expanding

The U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico have active FSD deployments. Tesla is now turning attention to South America, with Chile and Colombia listed as next markets for approval.

4.3 Asia‑Pacific: China’s V14 Rollout Imminent

China approved FSD version 13.0 earlier in 2026. Preparations for a large‑scale public beta test of V14 in China are underway, with updates to Tesla’s Chinese owner manual and website. South Korea was the first country outside North America to receive V14. Australia and New Zealand have received notifications that V14 is in final localization testing. Japan plans to roll out FSD by the end of 2026, while India, Malaysia, and Thailand are in various stages of approval.

4.4 Europe: The Dominoes Are Falling

Beyond the four approved countries (Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, Denmark), Elluswamy’s presentation listed 21 EU countries as pending, including Belgium (fast‑tracking), Sweden (expanded testing authorized), Latvia (nearing completion), and Ireland (active talks). Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the UK are also in review.

4.5 Middle East and Africa: New Frontiers

The UAE has begun on‑road testing of FSD, with specific adaptation for desert conditions and heat haze. Israel’s Ministry of Transport has confirmed imminent approval. Notably, Ethiopia has entered the approval process—the first African country to do so.

4.6 The Technical Barrier: HW4 vs. HW3

The global rollout is bifurcated by hardware. HW4 vehicles get the full V14 experience. HW3 vehicles get V14 Lite (or remain on V13). The AI4 chip provides approximately eight times the memory bandwidth of HW3, plus dual‑computer redundancy. For owners who purchased FSD outright on HW3 and were promised future autonomy, Tesla has indicated that hardware upgrades will be provided—but timing and terms remain unspecified.

Chapter 5: What This Means for Tesla Owners Today

5.1 For North American Owners: The Best FSD Has Ever Been

FSD V14.3.3 is the most capable version ever released. The 20% faster response time is noticeable in everyday driving. The reduction in unnecessary lane biasing eliminates a persistent source of discomfort. The improved Actually Smart Summon at 8 mph transforms parking lot usability. Most importantly, the reliability improvements reflected in the Canadian drive are not isolated—fleet‑wide intervention rates have dropped significantly.

5.2 For European Owners: Prepare for V14

If you own an HW4 Tesla in Europe, FSD is either already available (Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, Denmark) or likely arriving in the coming months. Ensure your subscription is active. Watch for software update notifications. When approval comes, it will be the European‑tailored V14 version, adjusted for local traffic rules. If you own an HW3 vehicle in Europe, you will receive V14 Lite—a substantial upgrade over V13, but not full V14.

5.3 For HW3 Owners: V14 Lite Is Coming

Tesla plans to begin rolling out FSD V14 Lite to HW3 vehicles in June 2026. The Lite version retains the core end‑to‑end architecture with reduced parameter count. Improvements should include smoother driving, better edge‑case handling, and the psychological scoring framework. However, the 8 mph Smart Summon, the fastest inference rates, and the most advanced world model features will remain HW4 exclusive.

Chapter 6: Where FSD Goes From Here

6.1 The Regulatory Race

The near‑term trajectory depends on regulators as much as engineers. The European Commission’s decision on whether to veto the Dutch certification will determine whether FSD’s European presence is permanent or temporary. In the U.S., state‑level decisions—particularly whether other states follow Texas’s lead on unsupervised commercial operation—will shape how quickly unsupervised FSD expands. China’s approval of V14 will be a major milestone when it arrives.

6.2 The Competitive Landscape

Tesla’s pure‑vision, end‑to‑end approach remains unique. Waymo continues to operate L4 taxi services with LiDAR and HD maps—proven but expensive to scale. Cruise, Zoox, Huawei ADS, and XPeng XNGP also use multi‑sensor fusion. The Canadian drive and the Austin Robotaxi launch are Tesla’s best arguments that pure vision can match or exceed LiDAR‑based reliability at a fraction of the sensor cost. If Tesla proves this at scale, the economic case for LiDAR collapses.

6.3 The Unsupervised Horizon

Tesla launched unsupervised Robotaxi operations in Austin on June 1, 2026, with 42 pure‑vision L4 vehicles operating without safety drivers. This is a pilot, not mass deployment. Based on current progress, unsupervised FSD in geofenced areas in the U.S. could arrive by late 2026 or early 2027. Europe will likely follow later, given its more cautious regulatory culture.

Conclusion — FSD V14 as a Step Function

The events of the first week of June 2026—Denmark’s approval, the Canadian zero‑intervention drive, and the CVPR 2026 technical disclosures—are not isolated. They are manifestations of a single underlying reality: FSD V14 has reached a level of capability and reliability that is qualitatively different from anything that came before.

European approvals are proceeding faster than most analysts predicted six months ago. The Canadian drive proves that the system can generalize across a continent’s worth of diverse road and weather conditions. The CVPR disclosures reveal that the technical foundation—36 Hz end‑to‑end, psychological scoring, world model training, MLIR optimization—is more sophisticated than any other production autonomous driving system.

For North American owners, this means the best FSD experience ever, delivered via the ongoing 2026.14.6.6 update. For European owners, it means FSD is finally arriving—country by country, approval by approval—and V14 is the version they will receive. For HW3 owners, it means a significant upgrade is coming in V14 Lite, though not parity with HW4.

For the industry, the message is that pure‑vision end‑to‑end autonomy is not a theoretical curiosity. It is a production‑ready system validated on a 6,051‑kilometer cross‑Canada journey, approved in four European countries, and deployed in commercial unsupervised Robotaxi operations in Texas. The debate over sensor suites is not settled, but the empirical evidence for Tesla’s approach is mounting.

What happens next depends on regulators as much as engineers. But for today—June 10, 2026—one thing is clear: FSD V14 has gone global. And for Tesla owners, the future of autonomous driving is no longer a promise. It is a software update away.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is FSD V14 available in my European country?
A: As of June 10, 2026, FSD (Supervised) is approved in the Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, and Denmark. Belgium, Sweden, Latvia, and Ireland are the closest among the 21 pending EU countries. If your country is not listed, monitor Tesla’s official communications.

Q: Will my HW3 vehicle get the full FSD V14?
A: No. Full V14 requires HW4. HW3 vehicles will receive “FSD V14 Lite,” a streamlined version that retains core functionality but lacks some advanced features (e.g., 8 mph Smart Summon). V14 Lite is expected to begin rolling out in June 2026.

Q: Is the Canadian coast‑to‑coast drive real?
A: Yes. It was independently verified by FSD Database and other third‑party tracking services. The driver, David Moss, documented the entire journey with in‑car video and telemetry, and Tesla AI chief Ashok Elluswamy publicly acknowledged it.

Q: How safe is FSD V14 compared to human driving?
A: Tesla’s data shows approximately 0.3 disengagements per 1,000 miles in complex urban conditions, claimed to be eight times safer than the average U.S. human driver. Tesla reports 5.1 million miles per major collision for FSD vs. 699,000 miles for humans. These numbers should be interpreted with caution, but the direction of evidence is clear.

Q: What is the 36 Hz figure?
A: It means Tesla’s end‑to‑end FSD model generates 36 motion outputs per second (one every 27.8 milliseconds). The industry standard for end‑to‑end models is around 10 Hz. Higher refresh rate enables smoother, more responsive driving.

Q: When will unsupervised FSD (no human supervisor) be available outside Texas?
A: Tesla launched unsupervised Robotaxi operations in Austin on June 1, 2026, with 42 L4 vehicles. Outside Texas, unsupervised FSD is not yet available. A reasonable estimate for geofenced unsupervised FSD in other U.S. states is late 2026 or early 2027; Europe will likely follow later.

Q: I bought FSD outright years ago but have HW3. Will Tesla upgrade my hardware?
A: Tesla has indicated that hardware upgrades will be provided for those who purchased FSD and need HW4 for unsupervised capability. Timing, cost, and terms have not been specified. For now, HW3 owners will receive V14 Lite as a software‑only improvement.

Q: How many countries have approved FSD globally as of June 10, 2026?
A: Twelve regions: United States, Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, China, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, Denmark.